These controls should be used consistently and thoroughly throughout all applications. However, this document should be seen as a starting point rather than a comprehensive set of techniques and practices. A full secure development process should include comprehensive requirements from a standard such as the OWASP ASVS in addition to including a range of software development activities described in maturity models such as OWASP SAMM and BSIMM. Finally, the business logic of web applications must be written with
authorization controls in mind.
Some privacy laws require a lawful basis (or bases if for more than one purpose) for processing personal data (See GDPR’s Art 6 and 9). It may be more user-friendly to only require a CAPTCHA be solved after a small number of failed login attempts, rather than requiring it from the very first login. Different protection mechanisms can be implemented to protect against these attacks. In many cases, these defenses do not provide complete protection, but when a number of them are implemented in a defense-in-depth approach, a reasonable level of protection can be achieved. Users should be permitted to use their email address as a username, provided the email is verified during signup. Additionally, they should have the option to choose a username other than an email address.
Quick Access
Authorization for access is then provided
to the role or group and inherited by members. Access Control, also known as Authorization — is mediating access to
resources on the basis of identity and is generally policy-driven
(although the policy may be implicit). It is the primary security
service that concerns most software, with https://remotemode.net/ most of the other security
services supporting it. For example, access control decisions are
generally enforced on the basis of a user-specific policy, and
authentication is the way to establish the user in question. Similarly,
confidentiality is really a manifestation of access control,
specifically the ability to read data.
Enforcing a conservative mandatory
access control policy can help prevent operational security errors,
where the end user does not understand the implications of granting
particular privileges. Some applications check to see if a user is able to undertake a
particular action, but then do not check if access to all resources
required to complete the requested action is allowed. For example, forum
software may check to see if a user is allowed to reply to a previous
message, but then fails to check that the requested message is not
within a protected or hidden forum or thread. Another example would be
an Internet Banking application that checks to see if a user is allowed
to transfer money, but does not validate that the “from account” is one
of the user’s accounts. The use of an effective CAPTCHA can help to prevent automated login attempts against accounts. However, many CAPTCHA implementations have weaknesses that allow them to be solved using automated techniques or can be outsourced to services that can solve them.
OpenId¶
It provides protection against phishing by using the URL of the website to look up the stored authentication key. When designing an account lockout system, care must be taken to prevent it from being used to cause a denial of service by locking out other users’ accounts. One way this could be performed is to owasp controls allow the user of the forgotten password functionality to log in, even if the account is locked out. Session Management is a process by which a server maintains the state of an entity interacting with it. This is required for a server to remember how to react to subsequent requests throughout a transaction.
TLS Client Authentication, also known as two-way TLS authentication, consists of both, browser and server, sending their respective TLS certificates during the TLS handshake process. To do this, the server must provide the user with a certificate generated specifically for him, assigning values to the subject so that these can be used to determine what user the certificate should validate. Some applications should use a second factor to check whether a user may perform sensitive operations. Without this countermeasure, an attacker may be able to execute sensitive transactions through a CSRF or XSS attack without needing to know the user’s current credentials. Additionally, an attacker may get temporary physical access to a user’s browser or steal their session ID to take over the user’s session. For any of these decisions, you have the ability to roll your own–managing your own registration of users and keeping track of their passwords or means of authentication.
C2. Leverage Security Frameworks and Libraries¶
Once a user has authenticated to the
running system, their access to resources should be limited based on
their identity and roles. Both the J2EE and ASP.NET web
application platforms provide the ability to declaratively limit a
user’s access to web resources by their identity and roles (as
configured in web.xml and web.config respectively). The J2EE platform
provides controls down to the method-level for limiting user access to
the capabilities of EJB components. By designing file resource layouts
and components APIs with authorization in mind, these powerful
capabilities of the J2EE and .NET platforms can be used to enhance
security. The checklist calls out items such as access control, training pipeline security, mapping data workflows, and understanding existing or potential vulnerabilities in LLM models and supply chains.
- Some definitions exist, but are open to wide interpretation and may not be adaptable to every need.
- For example, a web app may have both regular users and admins, with the admins being able to perform actions the average user is not privileged to do so, even though they have been authenticated.
- As a security concept, Least Privileges refers to the principle of assigning users only the minimum privileges necessary to complete their job.
- For example, buffer overflows are a failure in enforcing
write-access on specific areas of memory.
